Surface Bundle

Surface Bundle
Archivo:Fibrado1.PNG
Diagrama-esquema de un F-fibrado, E, sobre S1

Surface bundle es un fibrado por superficie, es decir la fibra es una 2-variedad y sobre alguna base -en símbolos:

F\subset E\to B

donde E el fibrado (o espacio total), F es la fibra (espacio fibra) y B la base del fibrado (espacio base del fibrado), siendo casos importantes:

    1. Fibrar sobre el círculo S1 y es por lo tanto un tipo de 3-variedad. Una castellanización de este nombre pueden ser: F-fibrado sobre B, o bien fibrado por superficies sobre B.
    2. Fibrar sobre otra superficie. Es este caso reciben el nombre de surface bundle over a surface y son una clase de 4-variedades.

No son importante los fibrados-por-superficie que tengan una base que sea contraible desde el punto de vista homotópico, pues en este caso, el fibrado es trivial, es decir, homeomorfo a F\times B


Cuando la base es un círculo el espacio es un surface bundle over the circle. Estos fibrados están clasificados por clases de isotopía de auto-homeomorfismos; F\stackrel{[f]}\to F.

Construcción

Sea F una superficie cerrada. Si tenemos el producto cartesiano F\times I, entonces vamos a utilizar un homeomorfismo \phi\colon F\to F para identificar las tapas F\times \{0\} con F\times \{1\} usando la fórmula

(x,0)(ϕ(x),1)

así el nuevo espacio E_{\phi}=\frac{F\times I}{\sim} es el F-fibrado sobre S1 determinado por ϕ

Si ϕ es el mapa identidad de F, el fibrado es F\times S^1.

Cuando ϕ no está en la clase de isotopía de la identidad el fibrado E_{\phi}=F\times_{\phi}S^1 se dice twisted surface bundle.

Para la 2-esfera hay dos S^2\times S^1 y S^2\stackrel{\sim}\times S^1.

Se distingue entre fibrados que utilizan supericies cerradas (compactas y sin frontera) para obtener fibrados sin frontera. Además usando la clasificación de las superficies obtemos

  • O_g\subset E\to B
  • N_k\subset E\to B

sobre alguna base B de dimensión uno.

Como los fibrados sobre la recta numérica \mathbb{R}^1 (o intervalos conexos) son triviales (i.e. solo obtenemos E=F\times\mathbb{R}^1), es por eso que hay más riqueza al estudiar fibrados sobre el círculo, S1.


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