concrete surface
31Polished concrete — Black basalt polished concrete floor Polished concrete is concrete that has been treated with a chemical densifier and ground with progressively finer grinding tools. The grinding tools are usually progressive grits of diamond grinding cup wheels …
32Roman concrete — The Pantheon in Rome, Italy, is an example of Roman concrete construction. Roman concrete (also called Opus caementicium) was a material used in construction during the late Roman Republic through the whole history of the Roman Empire. Roman… …
33Cured concrete — Curing is the process of keeping concrete under a specific environmental condition until hydration is relatively complete. Because the cement used in concrete requires time to fully hydrate before it acquires strength and hardness, concrete must… …
34Properties of concrete — Concrete has relatively high compressive strength, but significantly lower tensile strength, and as such is usually reinforced with materials that are strong in tension (often steel). The elasticity of concrete is relatively constant at low… …
35Protection of exposed concrete — is necessary to prolong its service life. A 120 year design life for concrete infrastructure has become increasingly common. Without early preventive maintenance this design life target may be optimistic. The design service life of reinforced… …
36Reinforced concrete — is concrete in which reinforcement bars ( rebars ), reinforcement grids, plates or fibers have been incorporated to strengthen the concrete in tension. It was invented by French gardener Joseph Monier in 1849 and patented in 1867.[1] The term… …
37Types of concrete — There are many types of concrete, variations of installation, composition, finish and performance characteristics. A highway paved with concrete …
38Stamped concrete — is concrete that is patterned and/or textured to resemble brick, slate, flagstone, stone, tile, wood, and various other patterns and textures. Stamped concrete is commonly used for patios, sidewalks, driveways, and floors. The ability of stamped… …
39Asphalt concrete — Asphalt concrete. As shown in this cross section, many older roadways are …
40Offshore concrete structure — Offshore concrete structures have been in use successfully for about 30 years. They serve the same purpose as their steel counterparts in the oil and gas production and storage. The first concrete oil platform has been installed in the North Sea… …
