marrano
51marrana — marrano f. marasme ; étiolement ; consomption ; maladie ; épidémie. voir epidemia, epizootia …
52SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE LITERATURE — Biblical and Hebraic Influences One result of the Christian struggle against Muslim invaders of the Iberian peninsula from the eighth century onward was the blending of national and religious aspirations, which revealed itself in Spanish… …
53Marranen — oder Marranos, auch conversos und Neuchristen (span. Cristianos nuevos, port. Cristãos novos) sind iberische Juden und deren Nachkommen, die unter Zwang oder schwerem Druck zum Christentum bekehrt wurden. Oft wurde ihnen vorgeworfen, als… …
54History of banking — The first banks were the merchants of the ancient world that made loans to farmers and traders that carried goods between cities. The first records of such activity dates back to around 2000 BC in Assyria and Babylonia. Later, in ancient Greece… …
55SEPHARDIM — (Heb. סְפָרַדִּים, sing. סְפָרַדִּי, Sephardi), descendants of Jews who lived in Spain or Portugal before the expulsion of 1492. (The term Sephardim is often erroneously used for other Jews of non Ashkenazi origin.) sepharad , mentioned in… …
56TRADE AND COMMERCE — In the Bible The geopolitical location of Palestine, set as it is in the heart of the Fertile Crescent, made it a pivotal link in the commercial activities carried on by land and sea between, on the one hand, Egypt and the Arabian Peninsula in… …
57Judaism — /jooh dee iz euhm, day , deuh /, n. 1. the monotheistic religion of the Jews, having its ethical, ceremonial, and legal foundation in the precepts of the Old Testament and in the teachings and commentaries of the rabbis as found chiefly in the… …
58MEDICINE — From the beginning of their history until modern times Jews have exercised a tremendous influence on the development of medical science. They have always been solicitous in their care for the sick and held the medical profession in great esteem.… …
59NEW CHRISTIANS — NEW CHRISTIANS, a term applied specifically to three groups of Jewish converts to Christianity and their descendants in the Iberian Peninsula. The first group converted in the wake of the massacres in Spain in 1391 and the proselytizing fervor of …
60Samuel Nunez — Samuel Nunezs (1668–1744) was a Portuguese physician and among the earliest Jews to settle in North America. A few months after their February 1733 arrival from England, an epidemic began claiming the lives of the first 114 colonists of the… …
